Aby Warburg's wildest dreams come true?

In the midst of the "digital revolution," should we be pleased or disappointed about its effects in the field of art history? How does one answer this question, which is most likely premature and lacking in analytical acuity given what we know about art historical preferences and practices? But even if we accept the digital revolution as a broad concept to mean simply that image researchers have an unprecedented flood of reproductions at their fingertips, there is no question that we can still detect real feelings of unease about what this flood has brought us so far. This article takes a simple visual motif-one person carrying another-as a starting point for an iconographic exploration. In demonstrating and imagining how source material could be collected, arranged, and rearranged, it recalls in a general way the panels with photographs that Aby Warburg (1866-1929) set up to help him develop ideas and relationships in the process of his art historical research. If we could design easily accessible corpora of sources so that continuous rearrangement by visual motif and meaning were easy, and if we could seduce researchers and catalogers to cooperate in enriching them with more and better descriptions, tags, and links, the study of iconography could make a significant leap forward

Automated metadata annotation: What is and is not possible with machine learning

Automated metadata annotation is only as good as training dataset, or rules that are available for the domain. It's important to learn what type of data content a pre-trained machine learning algorithm has been trained on to understand its limitations and potential biases. Consider what type of content is readily available to train an algorithm—what's popular and what's available. However, scholarly and historical content is often not available in consumable, homogenized, and interoperable formats at the large volume that is required for machine learning. There are exceptions such as science and medicine, where large, well documented collections are available. This paper presents the current state of automated metadata annotation in cultural heritage and research data, discusses challenges identified from use cases, and proposes solutions.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Book illumination as a source of iconographic information

Brandhorst Hans. Book illumination as a source of iconographic information. In: Gazette du livre médiéval, n°10. Printemps 1987. pp. 10-14

The iconography of the pleasures and problems of drink: Thoughts on the opportunities and challenges for access and collaboration in the digital age

Most titles or descriptions of artworks and their images do not provide adequate subject access for easy searching and retrieval. While technical tools and vocabulary resources exist, such as the Getty vocabularies, Iconclass, and Arkyves, that would enable researchers to enrich and share information, the majority of humanities scholars, including art historians, are still entrenched in methods and behaviors that perpetuate the silo effect of information gathering and management and overlook systems and tools that would enhance their research and enable dynamic discovery and access across institutions and the world (Web 2.0). This article explores the problems associated with image retrieval and access and offers some practical advice and reasoning for engaging new directions in the field of iconography

A stable enol from a 6-substituted benzanthrone and its unexpected behaviour under acidic conditions

Treatment of benzanthrone (1) with biphenyl-2-yl lithium leads to the surprisingly stable enol 4, which is converted by dehydrogenation into the benzanthrone derivative 7. Under acidic conditions 4 isomerises to the spiro compound 11 and the bicyclo[4.3.1]decane derivative 12. Furthermore, the formation of 7 and the hydrogenated compound 13 is observed. A mechanism for the formation of the reaction products is proposed and supported by DFT calculations

Abstract CT075: Fasting-mimicking diet and hormone therapy modulates metabolic factors to promote breast cancer regression and reduce side effects

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy with 1.7 million new diagnoses/year and is responsible for more than 450,000 yearly deaths worldwide. Two thirds of BC express the estrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor and are referred to as hormone receptor-positive (HR+) BC. Endocrine therapy (ET) is usually active in these tumors, although drug resistance and side effects limit its benefit. Growth factor signaling through the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and MAP kinase axes enhances ER activity and is a key mechanism underlying endocrine resistance. Water-only fasting (fasting) or plant-based, low-calorie, carbohydrate- and protein-restricted fasting-mimicking diets (FMDs) reduce circulating growth factors, such as insulin and IGF1 Therefore, we hypothesized that these dietary interventions could be used to enhance the activity of ET and delay the occurrence of resistance. For our in vitro experiments we used the HR+ BC cell lines, MCF7, T47D, and ZR-75-1, as well as metastases-derived organoids from patients with HR+ BC. Our in vivo experiments in mouse xenografts of human BC cell lines, were conducted in six-to-eight-week old female NOD SCID or athymic Nude-FoxN1 mice treated with ET w/ or w/o 48-72 hours of fasting/FMD. We monitored tumor growth and mouse survival and collected tumor masses and blood to detect circulating levels of several growth factors, adipokines and cytokines. In vivo add back experiments with fasting-reduced factors were done with IGF1, insulin and leptin. Circulating growth factors and adipo-cytokines were also detected in blood samples from 36 patients with HR+ BC, who were enrolled in either one of two clinical trials (NCT03595540 and NCT03340935) assessing safety and feasibility of periodic FMD in cancer patients. Patient nutritional status and response to treatment were also monitored in our clinical trials.We found that in HR+ BC models, periodic fasting or FMD enhanced tamoxifen and fulvestrant activity by lowering circulating IGF1, insulin, and leptin levels and by blocking AKT-mTOR signaling via EGR1 and PTEN upregulation. When fulvestrant was combined with palbociclib (a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor), adding periodic FMD cycles promoted long-lasting tumour regressions and reverted acquired resistance to this regime. Moreover, both fasting and FMD prevented tamoxifen-induced endometrial hyperplasia. In HR+ BC patients receiving ET, FMD cycles caused metabolic changes analogous to those observed in mice, including reduced leptin and IGF1 levels, which were found to remain low for extended periods. In mice, these long-lasting effects were associated with carryover anticancer activity. Overall, our results provide the rationale for conducting further clinical studies of fasting-based dietary strategies as an adjuvant to ET w/ or w/o CDK4/6 inhibitors in patients with HR+ BC